Data & Insights Utilizing the External Data Boom for Digital Shelf Optimization Publications about marketing often invoke the comparison of a digital shelf with a physical one. After all, a digital shelf displays your products for the customer to browse, just like a shelf in a brick-and-mortar store would. This comparison, however, has its limits. While customers come to browse the physical shelf, your digital shelf goes […] Retail TouchPoints March 16, 2024March 16, 2024 5 min read Data & InsightsMerchandisingShoppersTechnology & InnovationAICompetitionPredictions and ForecastsDept. NonfoodOperations & Supply ChainMarketing: Social MediaBig DataCustomer ExperienceMarketing: In StoreStore LocationESG and CSRTargetMarketing: UGCGoogleAmazonThick Data 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Data & Insights Need to Know: What is advanced audience targeting and why is it important? Have you ever received an ad that felt incredibly specific? One that seems to understand exactly what stage of life you’re in and the kind of items you’re looking to buy? That is advanced audience targeting at work. Follow along as we break down what advanced audiences are, why they matter and how they’re changing […] Nielsen March 12, 2024March 12, 2024 5 min read Data & InsightsBig DataInsight ProvidersConsumersMarketing: BroadcastPredictions and ForecastsStrategyPartnershipsMarketing: Social MediaMarketing: Direct & PersonalizationStreamingTikTokDeliveryDept. BeverageMarketing: UGCMarketing: VoiceSustainabilityThick DataAI 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Data & Insights CodingNomads Turns Online Coding Bootcamp Curriculum Inside Out SAN FRANCISCO, CA — CodingNomads LLC, an online education and training company for software engineering, data science, and artificial intelligence (AI), announced today the release of its new, custom-built online learning platform at codingnomads.com. The new platform opens more than 1,500 pages of written curriculum across 15+ technical courses for free, and learners can subscribe […] Bigtechnology March 12, 2024March 12, 2024 2 min read Technology & InnovationAIData & InsightsPricing & PromotionsPredictions and ForecastsMarketing: UGCExecutivesAssociates 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Channel: Ecommerce & Digital Using In-Depth Retail Media Analytics To Refine DSP Performance DSI “A big trap that a lot of brands fall into is, they may have some growth goals … but they’re overly focused on bottom-of-funnel metrics like ROAS [return on investment]. And that is just going to kill any innovation that you might have.” — Kiri Masters, Head of Retail Marketplace Strategy, Acadia Measuring Amazon Deliver Service […] Digital Shelf Institute March 11, 2024March 11, 2024 9 min read AmazonData & InsightsMarketing: Retail MediaConsumersMerchandisingTechnology & InnovationShoppersStrategyResults & InvestmentMarketing: UGCCompetitionAcquisitionPredictions and ForecastsMarketing: Social MediaPodcastsReturnsCustomer ExperienceWalmartHealth & WellnessOperations & Supply ChainPartnerships 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Technology & Innovation How Google Blew Up Its Open Culture and Compromised Its Product Today at Big Technology, we’re debuting a new Big Tech Insider columnist, adding to our series where experts with unique insights about the tech giants— and experience within them — tell the story behind the headlines. David Kiferbaum held various roles within Google from 2015 – 2023. And today, he writes of its open culture’s […] Bigtechnology March 7, 2024March 7, 2024 4 min read Technology & InnovationGoogleAIData & InsightsBigTechAssociatesAmazonExecutivesDept. ApparelGovernmentInclusivityCOVID19Marketing: UGCMarketing: VoiceStrategy 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Shopper & Customer Bridging the Gap Between Online and Brick-and-Mortar Shopping: How to Inspire Consumer Closeness From brand and product options to the methods to purchase, consumers have more choices than ever in how their shopping experience comes to life. The most recent shift in consumer mindset and shopping preferences happened as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because so many retailers were forced to shift to online-only during this time, […] Crystle Uyeda March 7, 2024March 7, 2024 4 min read ConsumersCOVID19Marketing: In StoreTechnology & InnovationDept. ApparelShoppersThick DataPredictions and ForecastsResults & InvestmentBrick and MortarCustomer ExperienceAIMarketing: Social MediaStrategyMarketing: UGCAssociatesMarketing: Loyalty & SubscriptionHealth & WellnessData & InsightsTrends: RetailTrends: Consumer 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Data & Insights How To Maintain Dominance on the Amazon Retail Media Network With Advanced Data Analytics DSI “If you have top organic placement, having always-on paid is probably not the best use of dollars. But what happens if you don’t is, you’ll see your organic ranks start to come down … a slow in and out strategy is actually how you can keep your balloon up in the air.” — Aisha Khan, […] Digital Shelf Institute March 4, 2024March 4, 2024 8 min read AITechnology & InnovationData & InsightsAmazonMarketing: Retail MediaConsumersMerchandisingHealth & WellnessDept. Natural / OrganicStrategyPredictions and ForecastsTargetSponsoredMarketing: Social MediaMarketing: In StorePodcastsCompetitionMetaverseConsultingTrends: TechMarketing: UGCDeep Dives 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Channel: Restaurants Can Darden Restaurants Missteps of the past Help Light the Path Forward Time and time again we all stumble. Steven Johnson Grocerant Guru® at Tacoma, WA based Foodservice Solutions® believes that good companies are simply better at recovering from those stumbles. Let’s take a look at Darden Restaurants, the parent company of Olive Garden and other popular restaurant chains, has faced its share of challenges and […] Grocerant Guru March 1, 2024March 1, 2024 4 min read RestaurantsData & InsightsShoppersCOVID19SustainabilityDept. GroceryCustomer ExperiencePricing & PromotionsResults & InvestmentMarketing: Social MediaHealth & WellnessMarketing: Loyalty & SubscriptionESG and CSRAssociatesOperations & Supply ChainPackagingTechnology & InnovationDept. BeverageDept. Adult BevMarketing: TradeConsumersPartnershipsPredictions and ForecastsMarketing: UGC 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Data & Insights How audience measurement innovation benefits the media industry The media ecosystem is changing—70.6% of U.S. TV homes have a smart TV, up from 62.3% two years ago1. With widespread connected TV (CTV) adoption2 and increasing high-speed internet availability, new ways of watching have introduced new (and bigger) data sets. Innovations in audience measurement are critical to keep pace with audiences’ evolving media habits. […] Nielsen March 1, 2024March 1, 2024 5 min read Big DataData & InsightsMarketing: BroadcastInsight ProvidersTechnology & InnovationMarketing: UGCConsumersPredictions and ForecastsDept. NonfoodStreamingMarketing: OOHMarketing: Social MediaDept. Natural / OrganicOperations & Supply ChainStrategyMarketing: Digital MediaAgencies 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Data & Insights Redefining Retail: 3 AI Trends Leading the Way For some time now, many retailers have been exploring the use of artificial intelligence to enhance various aspects of their business, from inventory placement to merchandising assortments. However, the conversation gained renewed momentum in 2023 with the emergence of ChatGPT and generative AI. This increased interest in the potential of AI to transform retail operations […] Antony Wildey February 28, 2024February 28, 2024 3 min read Technology & InnovationAIOperations & Supply ChainShoppersData & InsightsConsumersDeliveryMerchandisingReturnsPredictions and ForecastsDept. NonfoodMarketing: UGCSustainabilityConsultingChatGPTDept. ApparelIndustry Conferences and EventsMarketing: In StoreMarketing: Loyalty & SubscriptionStrategyEconomy 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Technology & Innovation Smart Retail Tech 2024: Google’s Harmony Murphy says AI can cater for customers and power growth “Retailers need to use AI more,” said Harmony Murphy, Retail Head of Advertising at Google UK&I, in an exclusive chat with RTIH after her opening Smart Retail Tech Expo keynote speech today at London ExCel, which discussed the transformative potential of artificial intelligence in the retail industry. “Generative AI has democratised access and made the […] Retail Technology Innovation Hub February 27, 2024February 27, 2024 2 min read Technology & InnovationAIShoppersMarketing: Social MediaInternational - UKTwitterGoogleData & InsightsPredictions and ForecastsDept. ApparelTargetOmnichannelConsumersMarketing: UGCStore LocationTech: RoboticsMarketing: Direct & Personalization 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Media & Marketing SpaceX Pushes for Increased Launches as FAA Reviews Starship Licensing SpaceX is gearing up for its first Starship launch of 2024. Scheduled to take place within the next three weeks at its Starbase facility in South Texas, SpaceX is urging regulators to expedite the licensing process for its Starship flights. RetailWire February 24, 2024February 24, 2024 < 1 min read Marketing: UGCPredictions and Forecasts 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Media & Marketing Sociable: Reddit partners with Google on data-sharing deal for search The strategic move could help Google shore up its search business with direct integration of content like Reddit user product reviews. MarketingDive February 23, 2024February 23, 2024 < 1 min read Marketing: Social MediaGooglePartnershipsData & InsightsMarketing: UGC 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Technology & Innovation Cybersecurity Best Practice: Check Your Physical Security Devices The Akamai 2023 State of the Internet report revealed that retail continues to be the most targeted industry for cyberattacks, accounting for over 14 billion observed incursions. Risks from cyber threats including fraud, account takeovers, malware, ransomware, compromised business emails and data breaches all begin with an initial breach. Any device connected to a retailer’s […] Retail TouchPoints February 23, 2024February 23, 2024 4 min read Technology & InnovationLegal & CriminalGovernmentData & InsightsDept. NonfoodPartnershipsGamingCannabisMarketing: Social MediaVendorsPredictions and ForecastsResults & InvestmentHealth & WellnessStreamingTargetTech: IoTDept. HBCMarketing: UGCAssociates 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Media & Marketing S&P Global Ratings downgrades VF Corp, expects sale of at least one major brand Declines at VF’s top four labels will likely continue amid weakness in wholesale and direct-to-consumer sales — and not just at Vans. RetailDive February 21, 2024February 21, 2024 < 1 min read Marketing: UGCPackagingConsumers 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Technology & Innovation Four must do strategies to integrate technology into business operations It’s no surprise that AI is reshaping the way businesses operate even at this very second. But does that mean for you to also hop on the bandwagon and implement it just because your competitors are? Well, the answer could be a yes or a no, depending on the type of business operation you seek […] Retail Technology Innovation Hub February 20, 2024February 20, 2024 6 min read Technology & InnovationData & InsightsAIShoppersDept. NonfoodSustainabilityOperations & Supply ChainMarketing: Social MediaStrategyResults & InvestmentStore LocationMarketing: UGCExecutivesAssociatesESG and CSRHealth & WellnessVendors 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Media & Marketing Colder weather and NFL playoffs drive increased TV usage in January Audiences stream a record 40.8 billion viewing minutes on Jan. 13, 2024 Chilly weather, coupled with the excitement of the NFL playoffs, helped boost total TV viewership 3.7% in January. While historically characteristic for the month, the uptick was perhaps more noteworthy because it was 1.4% above its level last year—a reporting period that was […] Nielsen February 20, 2024February 20, 2024 5 min read StreamingMarketing: Digital MediaMarketing: BroadcastWeatherInsight ProvidersBig DataData & InsightsPredictions and ForecastsMarketing: Social MediaData VisualizationMarketing: UGCGamingHoliday & EventsAmazonConsumersDeliveryDept. FuelDept. NonfoodDept. Toys & GamesInclusivityMarketing: Loyalty & Subscription 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Channel: Mass Target Looks to Attract New Customers with Intro of Value-Priced Private Label Brand Target has introduced a new low-price owned brand called Dealworthy — featuring more than 400 products ranging in price from less than $1 to $10 — and revamped its 15-year-old everyday essentials brand Up&Up with new branding, product reformulations and additions to the assortment. Target’s owned brands are one of the most successful pieces of its […] Retail TouchPoints February 17, 2024February 17, 2024 2 min read TargetOwned Brands (Private Label)ShoppersConsumersPredictions and ForecastsPackagingDept. NonfoodDept. HBCDept. GroceryMarketing: UGCDept. PetMerchandisingMarketing: Social MediaBrick and MortarDept. ApparelExecutivesMarketing: BrandTechnology & Innovation 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Channel: Restaurants Why Families Can Save Money Buying Meal Components at Both Restaurants and Grocery Stores Eating out can be a convenient and enjoyable way to spend time with your family, but it can also be expensive. On the other hand, cooking at home can be cheaper, but it can also be time-consuming and stressful. Is there a way to balance both options and save money while still enjoying quality […] Grocerant Guru February 16, 2024February 16, 2024 3 min read RestaurantsData & InsightsDept. GroceryBrick and MortarMarketing: Social MediaDept. FreshDept. BakeryDept. DairySustainabilityMeta (Facebook)TwitterConsumersESG and CSRDept. PerimeterMarketing: UGCDept. Fresh PreparedMerchandisingInternational - North America 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Shopper & Customer 4 Consumer Behaviors That Will Continue Into 2024 As we are 45 days in 2024, the echoes of pandemic-driven shifts and emerging economic realities continue to shape consumer behavior. While some consumer trends may fade, others are poised to solidify and transform the way people shop, interact with brands, and prioritize their well-being. Value-driven purchasing The economic environment will remain a key driver of consumer trends. Affordability […] Retail Bound February 15, 2024February 15, 2024 2 min read ConsumersSustainabilityHealth & WellnessPredictions and ForecastsMarketing: Direct & PersonalizationESG and CSRTechnology & InnovationShoppersTrends: ConsumerPartnershipsEconomyDept. GroceryCOVID19PackagingOmnichannelMetaverseAssociatesPricing & PromotionsResults & InvestmentMarketing: TradeTech: AR and VRCryptoTrends: FinanceMarketing: UGCMarketing: Social MediaDept. NonfoodblockchainDept. ApparelDept. BeverageMarketing: Loyalty & SubscriptionTrends: Food and BeverageAgencies 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Shopper & Customer Your Views: Finally MNB reader Doug Galli has a reaction to my argument that while Amazon may try to steer shoppers to products with higher margins, so do many retailers: Kevin, you are correct on this point of how retailers “merchandise” and market their respective stores. You work to steer customers toward higher margin products, which might not […] MorningNewsBeat February 14, 2024February 14, 2024 8 min read ShoppersAmazonTech: CashierlessStreamingBrick and MortarWalmartMerchandisingOperations & Supply ChainConsumersTargetMarketing: BroadcastDept. ApparelExecutivesCOVID19Marketing: Digital MediaDept. NonfoodPredictions and ForecastsResults & InvestmentInternationalEconomyCompetitionDeliveryRegional GroceryCostcoData & InsightsMarketing: UGCGovernmentDept. PaperAssociatesTechnology & InnovationStrategyStart UpsLegal & CriminalHealth & Wellness 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Channel: Home Improvement How to Get Your Product into Home Depot or Lowes As a hardware and improvement product manufacturer, getting your products into major retailers like Home Depot and Lowes can be a huge opportunity for growth. With their extensive customer base and nationwide presence, these big box stores are the ideal platform to showcase your products. But how exactly do you get your foot in the […] Retail Bound February 13, 2024February 13, 2024 3 min read LowesHome DepotOperations & Supply ChainTechnology & InnovationShoppersCompetitionMarketing: UGCPackagingData & InsightsDept. NonfoodESG and CSRMarketing: Social MediaPartnershipsBrick and Mortar 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Data & Insights Decoding the Algorithms of Amazon: Understanding How Consumer Demand Impacts Ecommerce It’s hard to remember, but before the roads were filled with Amazon trucks delivering our packages in two days or less, we used to drive to the store to shop for what we needed. Brick-and-mortar stores teamed up with brands to determine the optimal placement and positioning of products to entice consumers and their wallets. […] Retail TouchPoints February 13, 2024February 13, 2024 4 min read Technology & InnovationAIConsumersData & InsightsAmazonOperations & Supply ChainIndustry Conferences and EventsStrategyShoppersPredictions and ForecastsInstacartMerchandisingGoogleDeliveryWalmartMarketing: Social MediaOwned Brands (Private Label)Marketing: UGCUnileverBrick and MortarThick DataSustainabilityPartnershipsMarketing: Direct & PersonalizationMarketing: In StoreEconomy 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Data & Insights 10+ E-Commerce Memes On Post-Purchase Experiences Not just post-purchase or even e-commerce, but most blogs that you sit down to read, either in your leisure time or on the go — tell you two things. You can either do this or do not do this. How about something different for a bit? How about sitting and just looking at memes that […] Latest Shipment February 13, 2024February 13, 2024 8 min read Data & InsightsDeliveryOperations & Supply ChainShoppersReturnsPredictions and ForecastsCustomer ExperienceMarketing: TradeCompetitionPricing & PromotionsOwned Brands (Private Label)Marketing: Direct & PersonalizationResults & InvestmentESG and CSRMarketing: UGCBrick and MortarMarketing: BrandStrategyBOPIS 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Channel: Restaurants So, Gen Z and Millennials Relate Well to Popeyes Popeyes Chicken, the classic fast-food chain that has been serving spicy, New Orleans style chicken since 1972, has recently experienced a surge of popularity among younger generations. Steven Johnson Grocerant Guru® at Tacoma, WA based Foodservice Solutions® believes that customer focused relevant messaging including a Super Bowl ad will drive continued engagement. So, […] Grocerant Guru February 11, 2024February 11, 2024 4 min read RestaurantsData & InsightsMarketing: Social MediaDept. GroceryConsumersDept. Fresh PreparedTwitterESG and CSRShoppersHoliday & EventsConsultingMeta (Facebook)Predictions and ForecastsTechnology & InnovationPartnershipsDept. DairyMarketing: UGCAutonomous Vehicles 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Data & Insights Kroger Employs New Gen AI Tool to Enhance Marketplace Listings Kroger will be the first company to test out Intelligence Node’s new digital shelf optimization solution as it seeks to enhance its online marketplace. The digital marketplace solution from Intelligence Node — which is powered by generative AI and real-time data capture — generates comprehensive product listings and ratings for customers while also providing custom, […] Retail TouchPoints February 9, 2024February 9, 2024 2 min read KrogerTechnology & InnovationAIShoppersCustomer ExperienceData & InsightsMarketing: UGCMarketing: Social MediaMerchandisingPredictions and ForecastsPartnerships 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Data & Insights The 2024 State of Business Texting Report: What it Means for Retailers The 2024 State of Business Texting Report created by Text Request uncovers key insights and strategies for a wide range of industries using text messaging, including retail. The report covers benefits, challenges and opportunities associated with business texting. Let’s dive into the main takeaways for retail businesses. How Does Texting Benefit Retail Businesses? Retail businesses […] Jessica Ayre February 8, 2024February 8, 2024 2 min read ShoppersPredictions and ForecastsMarketing: TradeMarketing: UGCData & InsightsPricing & PromotionsMarketing: MobileDept. FreshResults & InvestmentMarketing: Social MediaMarketing: Loyalty & SubscriptionMarketing: Direct & PersonalizationThick Data 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Technology & Innovation US Retail Trends to Watch Retail, like all other industries, has had to respond swiftly to societal developments and changing attitudes of the US public. With the explosion of AI, a new door has opened for retail marketing and advertising, which will break through boundaries and expand the limits of consumers’ imagination. This article discusses key trends driven by technological […] Mintel February 6, 2024February 6, 2024 4 min read Technology & InnovationAIConsumersMetaverseShoppersSustainabilityESG and CSRTrends: TechMarketing: Social MediaDept. Natural / OrganicCOVID19Trends: Retailsocial commerceHealth & WellnessPredictions and ForecastsMarketing: In StoreAmazonStart UpsRecommerceOperations & Supply ChainDept. ApparelMarketing: UGCMarketing: Direct & PersonalizationTrends: ConsumerBrick and MortarData & InsightsStrategyTarget 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Department: HBC Walgreens partners with colleges of pharmacy DEERFIELD, Ill. – As a trusted, convenient local health care destination that millions of Americans rely on every day, Walgreens is expanding its long-standing relationships with colleges of pharmacy through the formation of the Walgreens Deans Advisory Council to enhance the pharmacy profession and better support pharmacists as they provide valuable care to their local […] MMR February 5, 2024February 5, 2024 3 min read WalgreensDept. PharmacyHealth & WellnessPartnershipsDept. HBCPredictions and ForecastsAssociatesStrategySponsoredMarketing: UGCMarketing: Social MediaCOVID19 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Stores & Formats Iconic US Department Store Chain Faces Multiple Challenges The New York Times has a piece about Tony Spring, most recently the CEO of Bloomingdale’s and the incoming CEO of its sister company, Macy’s, and all the challenges he faces. While Spring was successful at Bloomingdale’s, “bringing in hundreds of brands and emphasizing more appealing displays of merchandise and a creative marketing strategy,” the […] MorningNewsBeat February 5, 2024February 5, 2024 2 min read ShoppersStore LocationBrick and MortarExecutivesCompetitionDept. NonfoodAcquisitionPredictions and ForecastsStrategyBankruptcyDeliveryDept. Toys & GamesMarketing: UGC 0 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Channel: Grocery Acquisitions, Divestitures & Mergers Trends & External Forces Court sets late August start date for hearing on Kroger-Albertsons merger A federal judge in Oregon will decide during the proceeding whether to grant the FTC’s request to block the transaction. Written by Grocery Dive March 12, 2024March 14, 2024 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Media & Marketing Channel: Restaurants Department & Category Department: Consumer Durables Department: Food Department: Nonfood ESG Media & Marketing Data & Insights Shopper & Customer Technology & Innovation Trends & External Forces Merchandising Kids Like to Go Out to Eat ask Chuck E. Cheese Don’t want to cook, don’t want to do dishes, well according to Steven Johnson Grocerant Guru® at Tacoma, WA based Foodservice Solutions® your kids don’t want you hear you complain about cooking dinner either. Chuck E. Cheese has a new program for that has a great chance to make the entire family happy according […] Written by Grocerant Guru March 11, 2024March 14, 2024 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Channel: Grocery Corporate Finance Publix reports 49% growth in net earnings in FY23 US supermarket chain Publix has reported net earnings of $4.3bn in FY23, marking a 49% increase from FY22’s $2.9bn. The post Publix reports 49% growth in net earnings in FY23 appeared first on Retail Insight Network. Written by Retail Insights Network March 8, 2024March 8, 2024 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Channel: Mass Corporate Finance Media & Marketing Agencies & Vendors Data & Insights Trends & External Forces Target Q4 2023 Earnings Recap Target reported Q4 and 2023 financial results at its annual investor day on March 5, 2024. Quarterly comp performance improved sequentially from Q2 to Q4, but 2023 ended with comps down -3.7%. Profitability outperformed expectations as the company realized $2B of operating income growth in 2023 and reported notable gross margin improvements. The stock was […] Written by The Harvest Group March 8, 2024March 8, 2024 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked
Trends & External Forces CPG: Food Channel: Ecommerce & Digital Channel: Grocery Channel: Mass Department & Category Department: Beverage Department: Food Department: HBC Acquisitions, Divestitures & Mergers Corporate Strategy Corporate Finance ESG Partnerships & Alt Profit Media & Marketing Data & Insights Shopper & Customer Technology & Innovation Trends & External Forces Retail Operations Associates & Employees Operations & Supply Chain Owned Brands (Private Label) Stores & Formats Kroger Reports Fourth Quarter and Full-Year 2023 Results, Announces Guidance for 2024 Comments from Chairman and CEO Rodney McMullen. "Kroger achieved strong 2023 results, in line with our long-term growth model and built upon three consecutive years of historic growth. Written by Kroger March 7, 2024March 8, 2024 Saving Bookmark this article Bookmarked